What is Gum Disease?
Gum Disease
Gum disease is an issue caused by an infection of the gum tissue. Gum disease or periodontal disease affects millions of adults throughout the United States. The early stages of gum disease include tender gums that bleed easily. Gum disease, which remains untreated, can progress and result in more serious symptoms. This may include gum recession, periodontal pockets, loose teeth, and even tooth loss. Gum disease is also linked to serious health issues such as diabetes and heart disease. Practicing good oral hygiene is the best method to prevent gum disease.
Cause
Gum disease is caused by harmful bacteria from plaque. Plaque is a sticky, colorless film that collects on the teeth and is removed with regular brushing and flossing. When it is not removed, it hardens and turns into tartar. When tartar forms, it creates a rough surface that collects more plaque. Tartar cannot be removed with regular brushing and flossing and requires a professional cleaning.
Gingivitis
The first stage of gum disease is called gingivitis. This is caused by the accumulation of plaque and harmful bacteria, resulting in gum irritation and swelling. In the beginning, gingivitis may not result in noticeable symptoms. As it becomes worse, the symptoms can include gums that are red, swollen, or easily bleed. Fortunately, gingivitis can be treated, and the side effects can be successfully reversed.
Periodontitis
If gingivitis is not treated, it will eventually progress and turn into periodontitis. This advanced form of gum disease is caused by the accumulation of plaque and tartar below the gum line. There is inflammation of the bone and connective tissues that hold the teeth in place. Common symptoms of this stage are receding gums, exposure of the roots, and periodontal pockets. Over time, it can result in bone loss, loose teeth, and eventually tooth loss.
Prevention
The best way to prevent gum disease is by practicing good oral hygiene. This includes brushing the teeth at least twice each day and daily flossing. Another important element of good oral hygiene is regular visits to the dentist. Patients will receive an examination and professional cleaning during these visits, which typically take place about twice annually. Another benefit of regular dental visits is the early detection of issues like gum disease.
Risk Factors
The biggest cause of gum disease is poor oral hygiene, but there are other risk factors that are outlined below:
- A diet containing large amounts of sugar
- Smoking tobacco and the use of drugs
- Health issues, including HIV and diabetes
- Pregnancy or hormone changes
- Age
- High stress
Signs & Symptoms
It is common for gum disease to be painless and go unnoticed in the early stages. Patients may also be tempted to ignore these early symptoms. Signs and symptoms of gum disease are outlined below:
- Gums that bleed or are red, swollen, and tender
- Gum recession
- Development of deep periodontal pockets
- Halitosis or bad breath
- Teeth that are loose or wiggly
- Bite changes or movement of the teeth
- Pain when chewing
- Sensitivity to hot or cold things
If you think you may have gum disease, call the office today for an appointment. Our team can determine if you have gum disease and review your treatment options.